These have been clearly defined and revolve around the following:

• Economic Inequality
•  Spatial Division
•  Social Interaction Cooperation & Solidarity
•  Prejudice & Discrimination
•  National Identity & Unity.

Poverty, unemployment, slow economic growth, uneven access to quality education, crime, racism, tribalism, xenophobia and many more not only are projections of the cited impediments but factors that inhibit progress to a socially cohesive South African society.